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The Canadian Peace Congress (CPC) is an organized movement of people and groups in Canada working for peace and supporting the ideals of the United Nations. It is part of the movement led by the World Council of Peace, which itself was formally founded in 1950 after organizing conferences in 1949. The CPC was founded between December of 1948 and May of 1949, as a response to the beginning of the Cold War. The problem regarding the founding date stems from the fact that the original meeting in December 1948 established the Toronto Peace Council, known later as the Toronto Association for Peace, which appointed members to a provisional committee, which in turn organized the first national congress meeting in May 1949. The original meeting was attended by representatives of 47 different organizations and groups, including women's, youth and church groups, trade unions, and ethnic associations. At the subsequent meeting a National Council was set up which elected an executive to run the Congress. The CPC evolved over time to contain various peace councils across Canada as well as affiliated organizations such as the Trade Union Peace Committee, the Communist Party of Canada, the Federation of Russian Canadians and the United Jewish People's Order, to name but a few. The work of the CPC has included organizing conferences to support peace, oppose the arms race, and keep peace issues at the forefront of public attention. Petitions, education, and government lobbying are some of the methods employed by the CPC. In addition, the CPC became closely involved with the Soviet Peace Committee with members of both groups frequently visiting each other's countries. The CPC also maintained a relationship with its Quebec counterpart, Conseil québécois de la paix. The Congress was directed by Chairman James G. Endicott until 1972. He was succeeded by John H. Morgan, who took the title of President and held it until 1986. The final leader of CPC was Lari Prokop. Jean Vantour was Executive Secretary until 1982; she was succeeded by Gordon Flowers who took the title of Executive Director. Although not formally dissolved, the CPC has been very inactive since 1992.

Colin Smythe, the founder of Colin Smythe Limited Publishers, was born in Berkshire, England. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He returned to England and in 1966 established Colin Smythe Limited, in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire. The firm specializes in Anglo-Irish literature. In 1987 he was presented with an award from the Association of Anglo-Irish Literature in Dublin.

The Organization of Solidarity with the People of Asia, Africa and Latin America (Organización de Solidaridad con los Pueblos de Asia, Africa y América Latina, abbreviated OSPAAAL) was founded in Havana, Cuba in January 1966 after a meeting of the Tricontinental Conference. The leftist OSPAAAL opposes imperialism and sees itself as a defender of human rights. Its message is carried through the publication of colourful posters containing text in English, Spanish, French, and Arabic.

Located south of Warsaw, Otwock had a large Jewish community. The Nazis imposed a ghetto in Otwock in the fall of 1940. More than 12,000 Jews resided in the ghetto. Two thousand Jews died of hunger, and another 2,000 were shot during the ghetto’s liquidation in August 1942. Most of the remaining residents of the ghetto were sent to the Treblinka concentration camp. The fate of the people who wrote to H.D. Schwartz is not known.

The Epworth League was a young adult association of the Methodist Church. It was active from 1899-1939 in the United States and Canada.

The members of the Saarlouis Theatrical Committee were G.M. Sheppard, P.G. Diplock, E.J. Edward, H.W. Crook, K. Ashcroft, and W.T. Stevens. All of the men were with the British military; several of them held the ranking of lieutenant. From March to December 1918, the Committee staged fifteen productions, including variety shows, orchestral shows, and fancy dress balls, all but one of these in Saarlouis, France (now Germany).

The first Society of Friends Preparative Meeting in Upper Canada was held at Yonge Street, 6 June 1804, authorized by the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. The first Yonge Street Monthly Meeting was held in September 1806. In 1812, Yonge Street Monthly Meeting allowed an indulged meeting to be held at the house of John Haight which was situated near Pickering. In 1819 a Preparative Meeting was established at Pickering in the newly built meeting house which was used until 1833-34 when a new meeting house was built.

There was a split in 1828 between Orthodox members and a Hicksite faction with the Hicksites forced to establish a new meeting house about two miles away. This split was not unique to Pickering but reflective of a wider movement both in British North America and the United States which is often referred to as the Great Separation. Friends who were followers of Elias Hicks separated from the existing body of Friends.

The Hamilton Spectator's first issue was published on 15 July 1846 in Hamilton, Ont. It was founded as a semi-weekly, the first newspaper in what became the Southham chain. Recently there have been ownership changes; the current owners are TDNG Inc., a subsidiary of Torstar Corp.

The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan was an ambitious program to train air crew members in Canada for the Allied war effort. An agreement by Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand on 17 December 1939 set up the program. In addition to those nations, Norwegians, Belgians, Dutch, Czechs and the Free French were trained.

The head of McMaster University was given the title of Chancellor until 1950 when George P. Gilmour was given the title of President and Vice-Chancellor and a new Chancellor, E. Carey Fox was chosen. Gilmour had been Chancellor of McMaster University since 1941.

Since 1950 seven presidents have headed McMaster University: George P. Gilmour, 1950-1961; Henry G. Thode, 1961-1972; Arthur N. Bourns, 1972-1980; Alvin A. Lee, 1980-1990; Geraldine A. Kenney-Wallace, 1990-1995; Peter J. George, 1995-2010; Patrick Deane, 2010-present.

The first branch of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in Ontario was founded in December 1874 by Letitia Youmans in Picton. The first Ontario WCTU convention was held in 1877. By 1883 a Dominion WCTU was established by representatives from Ontario and Quebec. The name of the national organization was changed to the Canadian Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1925.

The Hannah Street Methodist Church is believed to have been founded in 1892. It was later sold in 1929 and became a Baptist Church, then again in 1949 and became First Christian Reformed. First Christian renovated the building in 1953. It is located at 180 Charlton St. W. The original name of Charlton St. was Hannah.

The Churches of Christ are autonomous Christian congregations associated with one another through common beliefs and practices. They have roots in the American Restoration Movement. According to the manuscript this congregation started in October 1889 at Broadway Hall, moved to Brunswick Avenue, October 1897, and then to Bathurst Street in November 1902. The Elders of the church in 1904 were William Forrester, Duncan Stirling, James Stewart, and John Smart.

The battalion was originally raised at Exhibition Park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on 6 November 1914. As part of the 4th Infantry Brigade, 2nd Canadian Division, the 19th went from its station in Toronto, Canada, to West Sandling Camp, Shorncliffe, England, 23 May 1915. It disembarked in France on 15 September 1915, where it fought as part of the 4th Infantry Brigade, 2nd Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war and disbanded on 15 September 1920. It is perpetuated by The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's).

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation was formed on 2 November 1936 consisting of two radio networks; Trans-Canada (English) and the French network. In 1952 two television stations began broadcasting in Toronto and Montreal.

This organization originated in the 1920s as part of the Communist Party of Canada, from which its founders were expelled in 1928 because of their support for the political positions of Leon Trotsky. Banned during World War II the organization was relaunched in 1945 as the Revolutionary Workers Party, Canadian Section of the Fourth International.

By 1963 it was known as the League for Socialist Action, with members in Toronto and Vancouver. The following year a branch was established in Montreal under the name Ligue Socialiste Ouvrière. A youth wing, the Young Socialists, was established in 1964; its branch in Quebec was known as the Ligue des Jeunes Socialistes. Following a positive response from the New Democratic Party Socialist Caucus during 1967-1968, a section of the League emerged as the "Waffle" Caucus of the N.D.P. in 1969. The "Waffle", however, proved to be a broad, heterogeneous formation, encompassing a wide spectrum of views, from liberal-reformist and patriotic to revolutionary socialist and inter-nationalist and the N.D.P. soon found itself unable to tolerate the more revolutionary Marxist and Trotskyist elements within the party. The main body of the League for Socialist Action and the International Socialists continued working through the N.D.P. but many more extreme members became discouraged by their apparent lack of progress.

In the spring of 1972 the "Waffle" was proscribed as an organized left wing within the party. One section went on to found the Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada while others, wishing to remain inside the party formed the Left Caucus "to continue the struggle". The 1973 convention of the adult organization saw the emergence of a minority grouping, the Revolutionary Communist Tendency, which went on to join the Revolutionary Marxist Group. In 1977 supporters of the Revolutionary Marxist Group and a separate Quebec organization, the Groupe Marxiste Revolutionnarie, united with the League for Socialist Action and the Ligue Socialiste Ouvrière, as well as both youth groups, to form the Revolutionary Workers League. In the late 1980s the League changed its name to the Communist League of Canada.

The Revolutionary Marxist Group (RMG) was a Canada-wide organization composed of militant socialists. It was founded in the summer of 1973. The RMG was closely affiliated with the Fourth International, an organization founded by Leon Trotsky in opposition to Stalinist socialism. As an affiliate to the Fourth International, the RMG maintained relations with several other related socialist sects. The most notable of these were the League for Socialist Action, the Revolutionary Workers League, the International Marxist Group , and the Socialist Workers Party. In 1977, the RMG, along with two other groups fused to form the Revolutionary Workers League.

The Organic Geochemistry Division (OGD) is a semi-autonomous segment of the larger Geochemical Society. The OGD was officially recognized as an integral part of the Geochemical Society in November 1960, although steps to formalize the group began in November 1959. The OGD was formed to create a common forum for researchers in soil geochemistry, oceanography, petroleum geochemistry, coal geochemistry, microbiology and other related fields. A Chair and a Division Secretary oversee the functions of the division and assist in the organization of the annual Gordon Research Conference. The OGD annually recognizes outstanding scholarly work with the Best Paper Award (student and professional) and the Alfred E. Trebis Award for major achievements in organic geochemistry.

Organized in 1972, the Writers' Union of Canada held its first annual general meeting of eighty founding members at the National Arts Centre in Ottawa on 3 November 1973. The purpose of the Writers' Union is to unite Canadian writers for the advancement of their common interest--the fostering of Canadian writing, relations with publishers, exchange of information among members, safeguarding the freedom to write and publish, and good relations with other writers and their organizations in Canada and throughout the world.

For further information on the Writers' Union, see Ted Whittaker, ed., The Writers' Union of Canada: A Directory of Members (Toronto: The Writers' Union of Canada, 1981).

The Canadian Liberation Movement was active between 1969 and 1976. A left-wing organization dedicated to the overthrow of capitalism and American imperialism, it had its headquarters in Toronto and branches in many Canadian cities. Its publishing arm, NC Press, was responsible for New Canada, the organization's official newspapers, as well as for a number of books. The Canadian poet, Milton Acorn, was associated with the Movement.