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IWCT: Correspondence with Newspapers

Series forms part of Archives 2 and consists of several hundred letters to editors as well as news clippings, articles, and statements relating to the Vietnam War. The letters to editors range in tone and length. Some letters, such as those with The New York Times, contain disagreements and rebuttals regarding Russell's views about American military conduct in Vietnam; other letters contain expositions of American conduct in Vietnam or summaries of the International War Crime Tribunal's sessions to those newspapers or periodicals which had not yet published any coverage of the sessions. Letters from Russell and his staff are typescript copies.

At the end of the series, there are various articles relating to the IWCT sessions as well as published and unpublished articles regarding the objectives and work of the IWCT. As noted in the RA2 print finding aid, “Ralph Schoenman's name appears as the author of several of them.” There is also material by Conrad Russell. Also includes the verdicts and results of the IWCT's first session in Stockholm from 2-10 May 1967 and of the IWCT's second session in Copenhagen from 20-30 November 1967.

Among those newspapers corresponded with are:

The Times
Washington Post
The New York Times
Reporter Magazine
The Observer
Toronto Star Weekly
New York Herald Tribune
I.F. Stone's Weekly
Peace News
The Guardian
Sunday Times
Toronto Star
Bristol Evening Post
Dagens Nyheter
Daily Telegraph
New Statesmen
Newsweek
San Francisco Sunday Examiner and Chronicle
Delo
Detroit News
Tribune
Le Monde
Spokesman-Review
National Guardian
Combat
Manila Times
The Economist
New Leader
New Society
Morning Star
Ramparts
Der Spiegel
The Melbourne Age
The Star-Bulletin

IWCT: Working correspondence with Vietnamese

Series consists of correspondence relating to the presence of American troops in Southern Vietnam, alleged American war crimes in Vietnam, and the fight for Vietnam's independence. Notable is correspondence with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam's president, Ho Chi Minh, regarding the International War Crimes Tribunal. Letters from Russell and his staff are typescript copies and photocopies.

The series was acquired with Archives 2, the print finding aid for which states: “The earliest item from Ho Chi Minh is dated 10 August 1964. The thick files indicate the symbolic importance of Russell's solidarity with the Vietnamese struggle for independence."

Press abuse

Series consists of correspondence with newspapers with which Russell had complaints for statements made about him. Russell's letters include requests for apologies and statements to be published in newspapers. Some letters are written by Ralph Schoenman or Chris Farley. Outgoing correspondence consists of typescript copies. Acquired as part of Archives 1.

BRPF: General political correspondence

Series consists of correspondence with individuals known and unknown to Russell as well as with various campaigns with aims similar to those of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation. Correspondents include Cyrus Eaton, an American businessman and philanthropist who was a sponsor of the Pugwash Conferences, as well as organizations such as the Committee on Science and Freedom, the British Peace Committee, the British "Who Killed Kennedy?" Committee, etc. Also accompanying some letters are printed materials, such as news clippings, flyers, circular letters, off prints, newsletters, etc. Letters from Russell and his staff are typescript copies.

The series was acquired with Archives 2, the print finding aid for which states: “The chief criteria used in forming this [series] were the independence of the correspondents from governmental bodies, and their independence from the specific campaign organizations with which Russell was involved. Russell’s messages to demonstrations are often included in the contents."

The Pauling row

Series relates to Russell's vigorous support for Linus Pauling, who had been criticized (along with Edward Teller) in an article by Bentley Glass for offering political opinions. The article, 'Scientists in Politics', had been published in the May 1962 issue of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Series consists of correspondence with Pauling, Joseph Rotblat, Eugene Rabinowitch (the founder of the Bulletin), and Bentley Glass. Also included is the May 1962 issue of the Bulletin. Acquired as part of Archives 1.

See also the file "Directors and Advisers" in series 350, BRPF Branch Offices, for a small collection of correspondence with Pauling as well as statements and offprints that he authored. His letters reveal his opinions regarding the membership of certain American scientists in the Pugwash Conference following the publication of Glass' article.

90th Birthday mementoes/tribute

Russell's 90th birthday on 18 May 1962 was celebrated the next evening at the Royal Festival Hall in London with a musical tribute. Series consists primarily of birthday letters/cards received by Russell from individuals and organizations all over the world, as well as copies of his replies. As noted in the Archives 2 print finding aid, series also includes letters “written chiefly in response to Ralph Schoenman's requests for tributes to be printed in the tribute booklet, Into the Tenth Decade (1962).” Also found in the series are a program for the musical tribute and a signed scroll presented by British Members of Parliament.

BRPF: Political prisoners

Series consists of correspondence with heads of state and foreign governments, with individuals concerned about certain political prisoners, and letters to editors. The correspondence reveals Russell's staunch advocacy for political prisoners across the world. Letters from Russell and his staff are typescript copies.

The series was acquired with Archives 2, the print finding aid for which states: “This [series] reflects the concern of Russell and the Peace Foundation to free political prisoners, whatever their nationality. Of necessity many of the negotiations with foreign governments had to be conducted with the strictest secrecy. The frequent successes could not be publicized, but the background to each can be ascertained in these files. The files are catalogued [in the print finding aid] on the basis of the first appearance of a given correspondent in a given file. It is only in these files that we learn of Russell’s connections with certain organizations—e.g., his honorary presidency of the Spanish Workers Defence Committee. Public statements and messages are also to be found here."

BRPF: Miscellaneous politics

Series consists of correspondence relating to a variety of global events, affairs, and campaigns. Letters from Russell and his staff are typescript copies.

The series was acquired with Archives 2, the print finding aid for which states: “This [series] contains a variety of specific files that do not fit well into any other political classification. The files [range] from the Cuban Missile Crisis to correspondence in the India file from 1970. Some files concern specific campaigns such as the South East Asia Appeal or the Committee of 100. The first file reveals an unsuccessful attempt at fund-raising through the offer of the use of Bertrand and Edith Russell’s names on commercial products."

Morton Sobell case

Series deals with Russell’s response to the case of Morton Sobell, an American engineer who was convicted of passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union in the same 1951 trial that also convicted Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. Sobell was sentenced to 30 years in prison. Russell vehemently protested his conviction and sentence. Series consists of correspondence, press releases, bulletins, pamphlets, news clippings, and legal documents including Briefs and Petitions in the Supreme Court. Much of the correspondence is with Helen Sobell, the wife of Morton. See also series 340, Civil rights, for a file relating to the Sobell case (box 9.65). Acquired as part of Archives 1.

BRPF: Financial correspondence relating to politics

Series consists of correspondence acknowledging financial gifts from donors and some correspondence with individuals approached to sponsor the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation. Also includes some business correspondence relating to the BRPF's activities, e.g., rates of payment for telephone service. Letters from Russell and his staff are typescript copies.

The series was acquired with Archives 2, the print finding aid for which states: “The BRPF was financed partly through donations and partly through Russell’s own resources. The former were very important to the BRPF, as they were a demonstration of popular support for the Foundation’s work. Such correspondence begins, however, in 1962, when Russell’s political work first received the financial support of others interested in it. The [series] also includes business correspondence on topics such as Russell’s frequently interrupted telephone service."

Pugwash movement

Series consists of correspondence, 1956-1966, the published proceedings of the 2nd-13th Pugwash Conferences, reports of various Conferences, agendas and minutes of the 1st-3rd and 10th Conferences, as well as minutes of some Pugwash Continuing Committee meetings. Other printed materials include news clippings, booklets, offprints, statements, and two published histories of the Pugwash movement, including ‘The Pugwash Movement: Its History and Aim’, London, 1960 (in box 1.39). Of particular note is the correspondence between Russell and Cyrus Eaton, the primary financier of the Pugwash Conferences; correspondence with Conference co-founder Joseph Rotblat; and letters written by Lady Edith Russell and Anne Eaton. Letters from Russell are typescript copies. The Pugwash Conferences were an outgrowth of the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, bringing international scientists together to reflect on the social consequences of their work; the first Conference took place in 1957; Russell was not in attendance. Most of this series was acquired as part of Archives 1, with additional items acquired with Archives 2.

Nuclear disarmament

Series consists of material reflecting Russell’s activity and leadership with such groups as the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), the Committee of 100, and other peace organizations and protest groups. Included are correspondence, drafted and official statements, news clippings, forms, and minutes as well as copies of booklets, leaflets, flyers, circular letters, and bulletins. Includes correspondence with Canon L. John Collins, among others. Correspondence of Russell’s secretary, Ralph Schoenmann, who was heavily involved in the formation of the Committee of 100, is also included. Letters from Russell are typescript copies.

Acquired with both Archives 1 and Archives 2. The print Archives 2 finding aid reads in part: “Beginning in 1962, these files continue the CND files of Archives I. then there is a file of detailed draft and official statements concerning the split between Russell and Canon Collins. Russell subsequently resigned from CND. The files continue with Committee of 100 documents--letters, statements, mimeographed minutes, etc.--ending shortly after Russell's resignation as President of the Committee early in 1963. A second box is full of leaflets and other printed ephemera.”

Other ‘cases’: Waller, Bilainkin, Britton

The series grouped here relate to cases or controversies for which Russell’s support was solicited. <b>831</b>: Correspondence with Guy Waller, news clippings, and drafts of articles, 1955-56. Waller had written articles for The Sunday Chronicle describing the effects of radioactive fallout, for which he was greatly criticized. He sought Russell’s support. <b>833</b>: Correspondence with George Bilainkin, 1956-63, who attempted to secure Russell's support in his allegations that his ex-wife, Lillian, who had custody of their daughter, was guilty of cruelty to the child. Also includes a copy of Bilainkin's affidavit, a petition, statements, a summary of the case, and other documents. <b>834</b>: Correspondence with Lionel Britton and Elizabeth Barber, and news clippings, 1956-57. Britton completed a George Bernard Shaw play that had been left unfinished at the time of Shaw’s death, but was prevented from publishing it by the Public Trustee. Britton enlisted Russell’s support against the decision. Barber was with the Society of Authors. <b>Note:</b> series number 832 was not used.

Heads of State

Series consists predominately of correspondence with heads of state and other political leaders in various countries relating to issues of international politics, including the Cuban missile crisis, the Sino-Indian border dispute, the war in Vietnam, Arab-Israeli relations, etc. Among the correspondents are Chou En-lai (Zhou Enlai) of China, Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Ayub Khan and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan, Nikita Krushchev of the USSR, Secretary General U Thant of the United Nations, Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam, and many others. Letters from Russell and his staff are typescript copies.

By 1963, the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation had been established, and the affairs of the BRPF are also reflected here. Accordingly, there is some overlap with the BRPF series (311 onward). There is also overlap with series 640 World Affairs. The files are arranged alphabetically by name of country, and also include material relating to the United Nations.

Series was acquired as part of Archives 1.

Photocopies, mimeographs, and other documents

972 Odds and Ends (boxes 11.59-11.60): ephemera and other personal documents, such as pamphlets, leaflets, advertisements, programmes, posters, invitations, circulars, publishers' catalogues, and business cards, as well as news clippings, newsletters, articles (including offprints and photocopies), statements, correspondence, film negatives (including those from an IWCT trip to Vietnam), two maps, a painting of Russell, a dog licence, and blank postcards. Includes photocopies of some of Russell's notable correspondence and articles. There are materials related to a variety of Russell's academic, social, and political interests and activities such as nuclear disarmament, the Kennedy assassination, philosophy, marriage and divorce, BRPF, IWCT, and NCD to name a few.

973 Archival lists (box 11.61): one draft copy and one proof copy of Barry Feinberg, ed., A Detailed Catalogue of the Archives of Bertrand Russell (London: Continuum 1 Ltd., 1967) for Russell Archives 1, notes relating to K. Blackwell and C. Spadoni, The Second Archives of Bertrand Russell (Bristol: Thoemmes, 1992) for Russell Archives 2, and Edith's notes pertaining to the shipment of Russell's papers for Russell Archives 1.

974 Photocopies (box 11.62): photocopies of correspondence from series 650 (Heads of State); from series 210 (Book Manuscripts); of correspondence used in Russell’s Autobiography; and annotated photocopies of Barry Feinberg, ed., A Detailed Catalogue of the Archives of Bertrand Russell (London: Continuum 1 Ltd., 1967).

975 Mimeographed Statements (boxes 11.63-11.67): Series consists of mimeographed copies of Russell's statements, articles, speeches, and correspondence as well as some speeches and articles written by Ralph Schoenman relating to topics such as the treatment of Jews in the Soviet Union, the Vietnam War, and the Cold War. Also includes copies of two issues of the Vietnam Solidarity Bulletin from 1966 and copies of mimeographed statements published in the bulletin.

World affairs

Series relates to Russell’s involvement in international affairs, especially regarding issues of peace. By 1963, the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation had been established, and the affairs of the BRPF are also reflected here. Accordingly, there is some overlap with the BRPF series (311 onward). There is also overlap with series 640 Heads of State. The files are arranged alphabetically by name of country, and also include material relating to the United Nations. The U.S.A. files are the most voluminous and include sub-sections relating to ‘The Fallout Suits’ (Linus Pauling), the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the Anti-Goldwater Campaign, and the International War Crimes Tribunal.

Included are correspondence (including letters to editors), circular letters, statements, news clippings, reports, speeches, leaflets, interviews, and newsletters; letters from Russell are typescript copies. Acquired as part of Archives 1.

BRPF: World affairs

Series consists largely of correspondence with heads of state and governmental bodies about Russell's global concerns such as political prisoners and treatment of Soviet Jews, the Goldwater US presidential campaign, the Gaza Strip, the Vietnam War, etc. Among the correspondents are: Nikita Krushchev, Chou En-lai (Zhou Enlai), and U Thant. Also includes various printed materials such as press statements, news clippings, etc. Letters from Russell and his staff are typescript copies. The series was acquired as a part of Archives 2.

Congress for Cultural Freedom

Series largely consists of Russell's correspondence with the Congress for Cultural Freedom and the Committee on Science and Freedom as well as reports relating to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, meeting minutes, news clippings, and bulletins. Letters from Russell are typescript copies. The Congress was concerned with the defense of intellectual freedom, particularly in eastern Europe. Russell was an honorary president but severed ties in 1956 because of the anti-communist position of the Congress' American branch. Series acquired as part of Archives 1.

World government, 1953-1965

Series consists of correspondence, circulars, meeting minutes, invitations, news clippings, statements, and booklets relating to Russell's interest in world government, and his engagement with groups such as the Parliamentary Group for World Government, Parliamentary Association for World Government, and World Association of Parliamentarians for World Government. Letters from Russell are typescript copies. Some of the material dated 1955 overlaps with series 600 Peace Activities.

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